Earned value compares what should be done, what is done and what it cost. The formulas have been established for decades. What makes EVMS hard is that its inputs come from systems that were never built to agree with each other.
Scopelives in the design and the model
Quantitylives in the takeoff
Budgetlives in the estimate and BOQ
Dateslives in the schedule
Progresslives in field reports
Before an index can be calculated, someone has to gather all five and agree that they describe the same work. Work packages, cost codes and activities rarely line up one-to-one, so that mapping is rebuilt by hand every cycle — and again after every change. That is why EVMS is usually monthly, and why it usually looks backwards.
So EVMS is an honest test. It only stays current if the integration is real all the way through — partial integration shows up as stale numbers.